Called the "royal herb" by ancient Greeks, this annual is a
member of the mint family. Fresh basil has a pungent flavor that
some describe as a cross between licorice and cloves. It's a key
herb in Mediterranean cooking, essential to the delicious
Italian pesto, and is becoming more and more popular in American
cuisine. Most varieties of basil have green leaves, but one—opal
basil—is a beautiful purple color. Lemon basil, anise basil,
clove basil and cinnamon basil have green leaves, but their
perfumy fragrance and flavor matches their respective names.
Basil is a summer herb but can be grown successfully inside
during the winter in a sunny window. It's plentiful during
summer months and available year-round in many markets. Choose
evenly colored leaves with no sign of wilting. Refrigerate
basil, wrapped in barely damp paper towels and then in a plastic
bag, for up to four days. Or store a bunch of basil, stems down,
in a glass of water with a plastic bag over the leaves.
Refrigerate in this manner for up to a week, changing the water
every two days. To preserve fresh basil, wash and dry the leaves
and place layers of leaves, then coarse salt, in a container
that can be tightly sealed. Alternatively, finely chop the
cleaned basil and combine it with a small amount of olive oil or
water. Freeze in tiny portions to flavor sauces, salad
dressings, etc. Dried basil, though it bears little resemblance
in either flavor or aroma to the fresh herb, can be purchased in
the spice section of most supermarkets. Store dried basil
airtight in a cool, dark place for up to six months.
Bay Leaves
Also called laurel leaf or bay laurel, this aromatic herb comes
from the evergreen bay laurel tree, native to the Mediterranean.
Early Greeks and Romans attributed magical properties to the
laurel leaf, and it has long been a symbol of honor, celebration
and triumph, as in "winning your laurels." The two main
varieties of bay leaf are Turkish (which has 1- to 2-inch-long
oval leaves) and Californian (with narrow 2- to 3-inch-long
leaves
The Turkish bay leaves have a more subtle flavor than
do the California variety. Bay leaves are used to flavor soups,
stews, vegetables and meats. They're generally removed before
serving. Overuse of this herb can make a dish bitter. Fresh bay
leaves are seldom available in markets. Dried bay leaves, which
have a fraction of the flavor of fresh, can be found in
supermarkets. Store dried bay leaves airtight in a cool, dark
place for up to six months.
Celery Salt
The seed of a wild celery called lovage, most of which comes
from India. Celery seed has a strong flavor and should therefore
be used sparingly. It's used in pickling and to flavor soups,
salads and various meat dishes. mixed with Salt
Chives
Related to the onion and leek, this fragrant herb has slender
vivid green hollow stems. Chives have a mild onion flavor and
are available fresh year-round. Look for those with a uniform
green color and no signs of wilting or browning. Store in a
plastic bag in the refrigerator up to a week. Fresh chives can
be snipped with scissors to the desired length. They're
delicious in many cooked dishes but should be added toward the
end of the cooking time to retain their flavor. Both chives and
their edible lavender flowers are a tasty and colorful addition
to salads. Frozen and freeze-dried chives are also available in
most supermarkets. Chives are a good source of vitamin A and
also contain a fair amount of potassium and calcium.
Coriander Seed
Native to the Mediterranean and the Orient, coriander is related
to the parsley family. It's known for both its seeds (actually
the dried, ripe fruit of the plant) and for its dark green lacy
leaves (cilantro). The flavors of the seeds and leaves bear
absolutely no resemblance to each other. Mention of coriander
was found in early Sanskrit writings, and the seeds themselves
have been discovered in Egyptian tombs dating to 960 B.C. The
tiny yellow-tan seeds are lightly ridged. They are mildly
fragrant and have an aromatic flavor akin to a combination of
lemon, sage and caraway. Whole coriander seeds are used in
pickling and for special drinks such as mulled wine. Ground seed
is used in many baked goods (particularly Scandinavian), curry
blends, soups, etc. Both forms are commonly available in
supermarkets. Coriander leaves are commonly known as cilantro
and Chinese parsley. They have an extremely pungent (some say
fetid) odor and flavor that lends itself well to highly seasoned
food. Though it's purported to be the world's most widely used
herb, many Americans and Europeans find that fresh coriander is
definitely an acquired taste. Choose leaves with an even green
color and no sign of wilting. Store a bunch of coriander, stems
down, in a glass of water with a plastic bag over the leaves.
Refrigerate in this manner for up to a week, changing the water
every two days. Coriander leaves are used widely in the cuisines
of India, Mexico, the Orient and the Caribbean.
Fennel Seed
Common fennel is the variety from which the oval greenish-brown
fennel seeds come. The seeds are available whole and ground and
are used in both sweet and savory foods, as well as to flavor
many liqueurs. They should be stored in a cool, dark place for
no more than six months.
Herbes De Provence
An assortment of dried herbs said to reflect those most commonly
used in southern France. The blend can be found packed in tiny
clay crocks in the spice section of large supermarkets. The
mixture commonly contains basil, fennel seed, lavender,
marjoram, rosemary, sage, summer savory and thyme. The blend can
be used to season dishes of meat, poultry and vegetables.
Italian Seasoning
Italian Seasoning
is a blend of ground spices used to flavor many Italian dishes. The
main ingredients are basil, oregano, rosemary, and thyme. Common
additions to taste also include garlic powder, sage, and cilantro.
Lemon Pepper
Lemon pepper (also called lemon pepper
seasoning) is a seasoning made from granulated lemon zest and
cracked black peppercorns. The lemon zest is mashed with the pepper
to allow the citrus oil to infuse into the pepper. This mix is then
baked and dried and can be used on meats (particularly poultry) and
pasta, although it was originally used primarily for seafood.
Lemon pepper is generally commercially available in small jars,
although it may also be homemade. Commercially available lemon
pepper may also include smaller amounts of other ingredients such as
salt, sugar, onion, garlic, citric acid, additional lemon flavor,
cayenne pepper, and other spices.
marjoram
Early Greeks wove marjoram into
funeral wreaths and planted it on graves to symbolize their loved
ones' happiness both in life and beyond. There are many species of
this ancient herb, which is a member of the mint family. The most
widely available is sweet marjoram, usually simply called
"marjoram." It has oval inch-long, pale green leaves and a mild,
sweet, oregano like flavor (wild marjoram is another name for
oregano). Marjoram is available fresh in some produce markets and
supermarkets with large fresh-herb sections. More often it is found
dried in small bottles or cans. There's also a very hardy species
called pot marjoram, which has a stronger, slightly bitter flavor.
It's found throughout Mediterranean countries but rarely seen in the
United States. Marjoram can be used to flavor a variety of foods,
particularly meats (especially lamb and veal) and vegetables.
Because marjoram's flavor is so delicate, it's best added toward the
end of the cooking time so its essence doesn't dissipate.
Mint (Crushed)
Greek mythology claims that mint, long a symbol of hospitality,
was once the nymph Mentha. She angered Pluto's wife, Persephone,
who turned her into this aromatic herb. There are more than 30
species of mint, the two most popular and widely available being
peppermint and spearmint. Peppermint is the more pungent of the
two. It has bright green leaves, purple-tinged stems and a
peppery flavor. Spearmint leaves are gray-green or true green
and have a milder flavor and fragrance. Mint grows wild
throughout the world and is cultivated in Europe, the United
States and Asia. It's most plentiful during summer months but
many markets carry it year-round. Choose leaves that are evenly
colored with no sign of wilting. Store a bunch of mint, stems
down, in a glass of water with a plastic bag over the leaves.
Refrigerate in this manner for up to a week, changing the water
every two days. Mint is used in both sweet and savory dishes and
in drinks such as the famous mint julep. Mint is available
fresh, dried, as an extract, and in the form of oil of spearmint
or oil of peppermint, both highly concentrated flavorings. Most
forms can usually be found in supermarkets.
Oregano
Greek for "joy of the mountain," oregano was almost unheard of
in the United States until soldiers came back from Italian World
War II assignments raving about it. This herb, sometimes called
wild marjoram, belongs to the mint family and is related to both
marjoram and thyme. Oregano is similar to marjoram but is not as
sweet and has a stronger, more pungent flavor and aroma. Because
of its pungency, it requires a bit more caution in its use.
Mediterranean oregano is milder than the Mexican variety, which
is generally used in highly spiced dishes. Fresh Mediterranean
or European oregano is sometimes available in gourmet produce
sections of supermarkets and in Italian or Greek markets. Choose
bright green, fresh-looking bunches with no sign of wilting or
yellowing. Refrigerate in a plastic bag for up to three days.
Dried Mediterranean oregano is readily available in any
supermarket in both crumbled and powdered forms. The
stronger-flavored Mexican oregano can generally be found in its
dried form in Latin markets. As with all dried herbs, oregano
should be stored in a cool, dark place for no more than six
months. Oregano goes extremely well with tomato-based dishes and
is a familiar pizza herb.
Parsley
In ancient times parsley wreaths were used to ward off
drunkenness—though proof of their efficacy in that capacity is
scarce. Today, this slightly peppery, fresh-flavored herb is
more commonly used as a flavoring and garnish. Though there are
more than 30 varieties of this herb, the most popular are
curly-leaf parsley and the more strongly flavored Italian or
flat-leaf parsley. Fresh curly leaf parsley is widely available
year-round, whereas Italian parsley must sometimes be searched
out in gourmet produce markets. Parsley is sold in bunches and
should be chosen for its bright-green leaves that show no sign
of wilting. Wash fresh parsley, shaking off excess moisture, and
wrap first in paper towels, then in a plastic bag. Refrigerate
for up to a week. Dried parsley is available in the spice
section of most supermarkets but bears little resemblance to the
flavor of fresh. Parsley is an excellent source of vitamins A
and C.
Pizza
Seasoning
Pizza Seasoning, a salt-free blend of seasonings to spice up every pizza.
Use this classic flavor when making homemade pizza or add it to your takeout
pizza for extra flavor and color. This seasoning will hit the spot, whether
you choose to make your pizza from scratch or to cook a frozen version. You
can also use this to make pizza bread or as an additional seasoning on
garlic bread.
Hand blended from Mediterranean oregano, basil, garlic,
onion, thyme, fennel seed, red bell pepper, crush red pepper, parsley and
marjoram
Rosemary
Used since 500 B.C., rosemary is native to the Mediterranean
area (where it grows wild) but is now cultivated throughout
Europe and the United States. Early on, this mint-family member
was used to cure ailments of the nervous system. Rosemary's
silver-green needle-shaped leaves are highly aromatic, and their
flavor hints of both lemon and pine. This herb is available in
whole-leaf form (fresh and dried) as well as powdered. Rosemary
essence is used both to flavor food and to scent cosmetics.
Rosemary can be used as a seasoning in a variety of dishes
including fruit salads, soups, vegetables, meat (particularly
lamb), fish and egg dishes, stuffing's and dressings.
Sage
In Britain, sage has for
generations been listed as one of the essential herbs, along with parsley,
rosemary, and thyme. It has a savory, slightly peppery flavor. Sage appears
in the 14th and 15th centuries in a "Cold Sage Sauce", known in French,
English and Lombard cuisine, probably traceable to its appearance in Le
Viandier de Taillevent. It appears in many European cuisines, notably
Italian, Balkan and Middle Eastern cookery. In Italian cuisine, it is an
essential condiment for saltimbocca and other dishes, favored with fish. In
British and American cooking, it is traditionally served as sage and onion
stuffing, an accompaniment to roast turkey or chicken at Christmas or
Thanksgiving Day, and for Sunday roast dinners. Other dishes include pork
casserole, Sage Derby cheese and Lincolnshire sausages.
Sea Salt
Naturally harvested from the French
Mediterranean. Sea salt tends to be coarser and have a higher
concentration of minerals than table salt. Its sodium level is
comparable to table salt. This salt does not supply iodine, a
necessary nutrient.
Spices are an
essential part of any kitchen, adding flavor, aroma, and depth to dishes.
Whether you’re a seasoned chef or a beginner cook, having a well-stocked spice
cabinet can elevate your cooking to the next level. Here are the top 20 spices
that every kitchen needs to have on hand for creating delicious and flavorful
meals.
1. Salt
Salt is arguably
the most important spice in any kitchen. It enhances the natural flavors of
foods and is an essential component of nearly every recipe. From seasoning meats
to balancing out the sweetness in baked goods, salt is a versatile spice that no
kitchen should be without.
2. Black Pepper
Black pepper adds a
mild heat and distinct flavor to dishes. It pairs well with a wide range of
foods, making it a staple in both savory and sweet recipes. Whether you’re
seasoning a steak or sprinkling it on fresh fruit, black pepper is a must-have
spice.
3. Garlic Powder
Garlic powder is a
convenient and versatile alternative to fresh garlic. It can be used in
marinades, dry rubs, sauces, and soups, adding a rich, savory flavor to dishes.
Its long shelf life makes it a convenient option for always having garlic on
hand.
4. Onion Powder
Onion powder is
another essential spice that adds a sweet and savory flavor to dishes. It can be
used in a wide range of recipes, from meat dishes to vegetable stir-fries. Its
versatile flavor makes it a valuable addition to any spice collection.
5. Paprika
Paprika adds a
rich, smoky flavor and vibrant color to dishes. It can be used to season meats,
soups, stews, and roasted vegetables. With both mild and hot varieties
available, paprika is a versatile spice that can be tailored to suit different
flavor preferences.
6. Cumin
Cumin is a key
spice in many cuisines, adding warm and earthy flavors to dishes. It is commonly
used in spice blends, chili, curries, and sauces. Its distinctive flavor makes
it a standout addition to any spice collection.
7. Chili Powder
Chili powder is a
blend of spices such as chili peppers, cumin, and oregano, adding heat and depth
of flavor to dishes. It is an essential spice for making chili, tacos, and other
Mexican-inspired dishes.
8. Cinnamon
Cinnamon adds
warmth and sweetness to both sweet and savory recipes. It is commonly used in
baking, but can also be used in spiced meat dishes, curries, and stews. Its
unique flavor profile makes it a versatile and valuable spice to have on hand.
9. Red Pepper Flakes
Red pepper flakes
add a spicy kick to dishes, making them a popular addition to pizza, pasta, and
stir-fries. They can be used to add heat to dishes without overpowering the
other flavors, making them an adaptable spice for various recipes.
10. Oregano
Oregano is a staple
herb in Mediterranean and Mexican cuisines, adding a robust and peppery flavor
to dishes. It is commonly used in tomato-based sauces, grilled meats, and
roasted vegetables. Its versatility and bold flavor make it a valuable spice for
any kitchen.
11. Italian Seasoning
Italian seasoning
is a blend of dried herbs such as oregano, basil, thyme, and rosemary. It adds a
savory and aromatic flavor to dishes, making it a convenient option for
seasoning pasta, pizza, and roasted meats.
12. Thyme
Thyme is a
versatile herb with a subtle, earthy flavor. It is commonly used in soups,
stews, and roasted meats, adding depth and complexity to dishes. Its delicate
flavor makes it a valuable addition to any spice collection.
13. Rosemary
Rosemary has a
robust, piney flavor that pairs well with meats, roasted vegetables, and bread.
It can also be used to infuse oils and vinegars, adding a fragrant and aromatic
quality to dishes.
14. Bay Leaves
Bay leaves add a
subtle, herbal flavor to soups, stews, and braised dishes. They are often used
to flavor stocks and broths, imparting a mild and aromatic essence to the dish.
15. Ginger
Ginger adds a warm
and spicy flavor to both sweet and savory dishes. It can be used in stir-fries,
marinades, sauces, and baked goods, adding a zesty and aromatic quality to the
recipe.
16. Turmeric
Turmeric adds a
vibrant golden color and warm, earthy flavor to dishes. It is commonly used in
curries, rice dishes, and roasted vegetables. Its unique color and flavor make
it a standout addition to any spice collection.
17. Nutmeg
Nutmeg adds warmth
and sweetness to both sweet and savory recipes. It is commonly used in baking,
but can also be added to creamy sauces, soups, and vegetable dishes.
18. Allspice
Allspice is a
versatile spice with flavors reminiscent of cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg. It is
commonly used in Caribbean and Middle Eastern cuisines, adding warmth and depth
to dishes such as jerk chicken, curries, and baked goods.
19. Cardamom
Cardamom has a
complex, floral, and citrusy flavor. It is commonly used in both sweet and
savory dishes, such as baked goods, curries, and rice dishes. Its unique flavor
makes it a valuable addition to any spice collection.
20. Cloves
Cloves add a warm
and aromatic flavor to dishes, with a hint of sweetness. They are commonly used
in baking, but can also be added to savory dishes such as soups, stews, and
braised meats.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How should I store spices to ensure their freshness?
A: Spices should be
stored in a cool, dark place, away from heat and moisture. It is best to keep
them in airtight containers to maintain their flavor and potency.
Q: What is the shelf life of dried spices?
A: Dried spices
generally have a shelf life of 1-2 years if stored properly. Over time, their
flavor may diminish, so it’s best to check for freshness before using.
Q: Can I use ground spices interchangeably with whole spices?
A: Yes, ground
spices can be used as a substitute for whole spices, but you may need to adjust
the quantity to achieve the desired flavor.
Q: Are there any spices that pair well together in recipes?
A: Yes, many spices
complement each other and can be used together to enhance the flavor of a dish.
For example, cumin and coriander are a classic combination in many cuisines.
Q: What is the best way to measure spices for recipes?
A: It’s best to use
measuring spoons or a kitchen scale to ensure accurate measurements of spices
for recipes. This will help maintain the proper balance of flavors in the dish.
Q: Can I use expired spices in my cooking?
A: While expired
spices may not be harmful to consume, their flavor may be significantly
diminished. It’s best to check for freshness and replace any spices that have
lost their potency.
Q: Are there any spices that are commonly used in specific cuisines?
A: Yes, many spices
are associated with specific cuisines, such as garam masala in Indian cooking,
and five-spice powder in Chinese cuisine. These spices play a key role in
defining the flavor profiles of these dishes.
Q: Can I grow my own spices at home?
A: Yes, many herbs
and spices can be easily grown at home in a garden or indoor pots. This allows
you to have fresh, flavorful ingredients on hand whenever you need them.
Q: How can I tell if my spices have gone bad?
A: If spices have
lost their vibrant color, aroma, or flavor, they may have gone bad. It’s best to
replace any spices that show signs of spoilage.
Q: Can I create my own spice blends at home?
A: Yes, creating
your own spice blends allows you to customize the flavor profile to suit your
preferences. It’s a fun and creative way to experiment with different
combinations of spices.
In conclusion,
having a well-stocked spice cabinet is key to creating delicious and flavorful
meals. With the right combination of spices, you can elevate your cooking and
explore a world of diverse and exciting flavors. Whether you’re cooking
traditional dishes or experimenting with new recipes, the top 20 spices listed
above will set the foundation for an impressive and versatile spice collection.